Seminars 2005-2006

October 3, 2005 (Monday)
South Hall 5607F
3:15 PM, Refreshments served at 3:00 PM

Christof Weinhardt
University of Karlsruhe (TH), Germany
School of Economics and Business Engineering
Information Management and Systems


CAME - Computer Aided Market Engineering

Designing electronic markets is a challenging task. The Market Engineering approach suggests a structured engineering process that addresses the complexities inherent to the design by dividing the design process into phases and recommending solution techniques to all individual tasks. The talk introduces the Market Engineering approach and the concept of a workbench CAME (computer aided market engineering) intended to support the development of electronic markets. CAME facilitates all design phases of the market engineering process, starting from the conceptual design which specifies the institutional rules of the market to the implementation and automatic tests by extensive simulations.

It will be shown how to use the market platform meet2trade as a CAME tool for various real world applications such as introducing and analysing the impact of bundle trading, testing innovative order types in financial markets, or implementing and running a configurable forecasting market for the FIFA Soccer World Championship 2006.


October 3, 2005 (Monday)
South Hall 5607F
4:00 PM


Stefan Seifert

University of Karlsruhe (TH), Germany
School of Economics and Business Engineering
Information Management and Systems

Posted Price Offers in Internet Auction Markets

Recently, internet marketplaces like eBay or Yahoo! have extended the flexibility of the selling mechanisms available on their platforms. The product features “Buy It Now” or
“Buy Price”, for example, allow the seller of an item to offer an additional posted price when conducting an auction. Bidders can then decide whether to bid in the auction or to acquire the item for the fixed price offer.

In the presentation, a model of an auction with a posted price offer (APPO) is introduced and the equilibrium strategies of the seller and the bidders in an APPO are derived. It is shown, e.g., that by offering a posted price the seller can raise her expected revenues if bidders are risk averse. The presentation also reports on an experiment which compares the theoretic predictions with the behavior of students in the lab



October 12, 2005
3:15 pm
Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Dale Umbach (Ball State Univ.)

Some Properties of Skew-Symmetric Distributions

Abstract


Oct 19, 2005
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Radu Lazar (UCSB)

COMPUTATIONS FOR BAYESIAN PROCEDURES UNDER LINEAR CONSTRAINTS IN FINITE POPULATION SAMPLING ABSTRACT

In survey sampling, one is interested in estimating population quantities such as the mean or median. Prior information is often available through the presence of auxiliary variables. For example the population mean or median of an auxiliary variable may either be known exactly or known to lie in some interval. We will present a Bayesian estimation method which takes into account such prior information which in some cases cannot be used by the standard estimation procedures. Various situations are considered wherein the prior information induces linear constraints on the underlying space of the posterior distribution, once the sample has been observed. It is shown how one can estimate the population mean by sampling from such posterior distributions via a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler over such restricted spaces. The Bayesian estimation method makes use of the prior information effectively and yields estimates with good frequentist properties.


Oct 26, 2005
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Hira L. Koul, Michigan State University

Goodness-of-fit testing in interval censoring case 1

In the interval censoring case 1, instead of observing an event occurrence time X, one observes an inspection time T and whether the event has happened before or after the time T. We shall discuss asymptotically distribution free tests of
goodness-of-fit hypotheses pertaining to the d.f. F of X. These tests are shown to be also consistent against a large class of fixed alternatives and have nontrivial asymptotic power against a large class of local alternatives.


Nov 2, 2005
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Joe Romano (Stanford)

Generalized Error Control in Multiple Hypothesis Testing

ABSTRACT


Nov 9, 2005
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Willa Chen (Texas A&M)

Efficiency in Estimation of Long Memory

The tapered Gaussian semiparametric estimator (GSE) and, more recently, the exact local (ELW) Whittle estimator are two major approaches in estimating the memory parameter d of a potential nonstationary/noninvertible process. Though the ELW estimator has uniform efficiency for all values of d, it pays a much higher computational cost. On the other hand, the tapered GSE has the trend invariant property and computational advantage, but the variance of estimates increases with the order of tapers. We introduce a class of shift invariant tapers and study the efficient properties of the new tapered GSE. These tapers, which are of orders (p,q), are a maximally efficient sub-class of tapers originally proposed by Chen (2001). If the choice of q=n^{kapa/2p}, a taper is also of degree (p,kapa) defined by Dahlhaus (1988). We investigate whether/how the new tapered GSE can reach the same efficiency as the non-tapered GSE for d in the range of (-0.5,0.5), i.e. a limiting distribution of! N(0,1/4). Furthermore, we conduct a simulation study to compare finite sample properties of the new tapered GSE with those of the ELW (Shimotsu & Phillips, 2005), specifically the modified version by Shimotsu (2005), the two-step feasible ELW estimation. With a tapered GSE estimate as the initial value, this modified version of ELW can be applied to a nonstationary process with unknown mean and trend and is asymptotically N(0,1/4), though it does not have the mean or trend invariant property and the same computational efficiency as the tapered GSE.


November 14, 2005 (Monday)
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Guillaume Bonnet, UCSB

The Long Time Behavior of a Stochastic Lotka-Volterra System with Jumps

The effect of environmental fluctuations on populations dynamics has been intensively investigated in theoretical ecology and applied probability. Recently, there has been great interests in the biological community to understand the effect of exceptionally large fluctuations in the environment (e.g drought) in species survival. I will briefly illustrate those effects with some ecological data.

The main purpose of this talk is to present a stochastic Lotka-Voltera system with jumps as a model for that ecological context. I will first present some old and new results on the stationary distribution for the continuous diffusion case, some going back to Kesten and Ogura (1981). I will then turn to the model with jumps and show similar results. These results can be interpreted as conditions for species coexistence in the population dynamics context. If time permit, I will briefly mention some ongoing work in the spatial setting.


November 16, 2005
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Hyunyoung Choi, UCSB

A Bayesian Methodology of Random Intervention Model with Panel Data: Impact Study on Interest Rate Futures Market

A random intervention function model is proposed to model panel data with a common input with the assumption that the output time series reacts to the common input in a nonlinear fashion. Assuming a common distribution for the individual effects, the random coefficient function model allows individual subject variation in response to the input series. The baseline of output time series is assumed to be an ARIMA(p, d, q) model with parameters commonly distributed across the time series. The model is estimated in the Bayesian framework using Gibbs sampling and the Metropolis Hasting Algorithm, which also allows handling of missing data within each series. A simulation study is conducted to demonstrate the performance of MCMC estimation.

Any announcement from the Federal Reserve has a huge impact on the interest rate markets. The press releases from the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) are one of the major inputs to the market. The liquidity and the versatility of the Eurodollar(ED) market provide traders the opportunity to hedge their interest risk through Eurodollar Futures. The ED market is highly correlated to the US Government short term (T-bill) interest rate market. To estimate the impact associated with the FOMC announcements, the random intervention model is used for an empirical study on the Interest
Rate Futures markets, using transaction data. Missing prices during non-trading time periods are imputed iteratively during the estimation of model parameters. The study shows that the market trading on the announcement day is different from the market trading on a reference day for both the Eurodollar and T-Note futures market.


February 8, 2006
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F


Jan Bjornstad, Visiting Professor at UCSB and Director of Research for Statistical Methods, Central Bureau of Statistics, Norway.

Likelihood theory for prediction

The talk deals with a theoretical foundation for prediction problems in various models, covering usual parametric models as well as Bayesian models and empirical Bayes models. A generalized likelihood function is defined together with a generalized likelihood principle that satisfies the fundamental equivalence theorem with principles of sufficiency and conditionality. The generalized likelihood is the product of prior information of the predictand and the evidential likelihood in the data for the predictand or equivalently the product of the predictive distribution for and the likelihood function of the model parameters


February 15, 2006
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F


Kenneth J. Hochberg, Bar-Ilan University, Israel

HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED BRANCHING-DIFFUSING SYSTEMS

The two-level superprocess is the diffusion limit of a two-level branching Brownian motion, where particles are grouped into superparticles which themselves duplicate or vanish according to a branching dynamic, in addition to the motion and branching of the individual particles themselves. We define three classes of initial states for two-level superprocesses and describe the corresponding patterns of longtime behavior, including two very different types of equilibria. Specifically, we show that two of these classes of initial states lead to longtime behavioral patterns in high dimensions that do not exist for ordinary, single-level branching systems or superprocesses. (Joint work with A.Greven.)


March 8, 2006
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F


Ingo Ruczinski, Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Logic Regression

Logic Regression was recently introduced as a novel regression method and classification tool. This adaptive methodology is based on new predictors being generated as Boolean combinations from binary covariates, and hence models with high order interactions can be explored. We review the methodology and highlight the differences to related tools such as CART and MARS, show some public health related case studies, and report on some recent developments in the methodology (such as measures of variable importance obtained from MCMC based algorithms) and the software (in particular, the LogicReg R package).


March 14, 2006
Tuesday, 3:45 PM
South Hall 6635 (Math Dept)
Refreshments served at 3:30 PM in South Hall 5607 (Statistics Dept)

Raymond J. Carroll, Distinguished Professor of Statistics
Professor of Nutrition and Toxicology, Department of Statistics
Texas A&M University

"Measuring Diet"

Newspaper articles routinely report the results of epidemiological studies of the relationship between what we eat and disease outcomes such as heart disease and various forms of cancer. One of the most-quoted studies is the Nurses Health Study, which follows the health outcomes 100,000 nurses and asks them questions about their dietary intakes. While there are exceptions, for the most part one can find a relationship between heart disease and diet, e.g., less fat, more fruits, etc. On the other hand, it is rare that prospective epidemiological studies of human populations find links between cancer and dietary intakes. Perhaps the most controversial of all is the question of the relationship between dietary fat intake and breast cancer. Countries with higher fat intakes tend to have higher rates of breast cancer, and yet no epidemiological study has shown such a link. The puzzle of course is to understand the discrepancy.

Obviously, the etiology of disease may explain why heart disease, with its intermediate endpoints such as serum cholesterol, has confirmed links to nutrition while the evidence is mixed with cancer. I will focus instead on a basic question of study design: how do we measure what we eat? Try this out: how many days per year do you eat pizza? I am going to review the accumulating evidence that suggests that with complex, subtle disease such as cancer, with no good intermediate endpoints such as serum cholesterol for heart disease, finding links between disease and nutrient intakes will be the exception rather than the rule, simply because of the way diet is measured.

The talk will touch briefly on the recently-completed Women’s Health Initiative Dietary Intervention Study, and describe statistical reasons why this study might have been difficult to interpret even had it achieved statistical significance.


March 15, 2006 SOBEL LECTURE
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Raymond Carroll, Distinguished Professor at Texas A & M University. This year's Sobel Lecture.
Professor Carroll is currently Professor of Statistics, Nutrition, Toxicology and Epidemiology & Biostatistics; Director of the Bioinformatics Training Program; and Core Director of the Center for Environmental and Rural Health at Texas A & M University.

Semiparametric methods for gene-environment case-control studies

I will consider population-based case-control studies of gene and environment interactions using prospective logistic regression models. In many cases of such studies, it is reasonable to assume that genotype and environment are independent in the population, possibly conditional on covariates to account for population stratification. We develop a modern semiparametric likelihood approach for this problem, showing that it leads to much more efficient estimates of gene-environment interaction parameters and the gene main effect than the standard approach: decreases of standard errors for the former are often by factors of 50% and more. In addition, if the probability of disease is known in the population, we show efficiency gains for estimating gene-environment interactions, again in contrast to the standard approach. Multiple extensions are discussed, with applications to an important data set involving the BRCA1/2 mutation and the question as to whether use of oral contraceptives decreases risk in women with this mutation. The most important extensions are to the problems of missing genotype data (our example) and unphased haplotype data.


April 5
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Kevin Plaxco, UCSB Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry

My protein folds faster than yours: using protein folding rates to test protein folding theories.

Proteins, like all machines, are complex, three-dimensional structures in which form intimately defines function. The manufacturing machinery in your cells, however, initially synthesizes proteins as random coil polymers that only then spontaneously, rapidly and efficiently fold into well-defined,, functional structures. Across the universe of simple, single domain proteins, the fastest performs this folding dance a million times more rapidly than the slowest. What accounts for this dramatic range of kinetic behaviors? In this talk I cast an experimentalist's critical eye on recent theories of protein folding kinetics that address this fundamental biophysical issue.


April 12: John Boscardin, UCLA Biostatistics
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Seemingly simple questions: models for multivariate repeated measures data

Biostatisticians are frequently asked to perform inference for data sets with multivariate repeated or longitudinal measurements. Investigators typically will ask questions such as "are measures X and Y correlated" or "when did measures X and Y exceed clinically important thresholds". Answering these seemingly simple questions is not entirely straightforward; we have developed a variety of Bayesian statistical models to address them. Two settings will be presented: (i) modeling the dependence of a mixture of continuous, ordinal, and categorical repeated measures,
and (ii) using smoothing spline models for continuous multivariate longitudinal data. The models will be illustrated using data from the UCLA Brain Injury Research Center. (Based on joint work with Rob Weiss, Tom Belin, and Hector Lemus at UCLA and Xiao Zhang at University of Alabama, Birmingham).


April 26
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Jeff Dozier, Bren School, UCSB

"Historical trends in the Sierra Nevada snow cover"

Among the postulated consequences of global warming, the hypothesis that the Sierra Nevada snowpack may decline is worrisome because of the dependence of the California economy on snowmelt runoff. Some Sierra Nevada snow courses
have data records extending back to 1910, and about 100 of the courses have more than 70 years of data. A simplistic analysis shows little other than the obvious interannual variability, but a closer look reveals a declining April snowpack at the lower elevations, especially in the southern parts of the range. The low-elevation deficit is apparently not compensated by more snow at higher elevations. Measurements at the snow courses are made monthly at best, so it is difficult to use these data to consider changes in timing of runoff. Automated snow pillows, which measure and transmit daily data, have been operational for about 30 years for most stations, with a few that have 50 years of data. Although this data record is perhaps too short to show trends, they do show that using the monthly data may introduce a timing
bias, because the wetter years tend to peak later.



May 3
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Hal Stern, University of California Irivine

ASSESSMENT OF ANCESTRY PROBABILITIES IN THE PRESENCE OF GENOTYPING ERRORS

It is often of interest in the agricultural seed industry and in other contexts to attempt to determine the ancestry of a particular organism. A probabilistic approach has been proposed by a group at Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. The work presented here extends their approach for estimating the ancestry probability, the probability that an inbred line is an ancestor of a given hybrid, to account for genotyping errors. The effect of such errors on ancestry probability estimates is evaluated through simulation. The simulation study shows that if misclassification is ignored, then ancestry probabilities may be slightly overestimated. The sensitivity of ancestry probability calculations to the assumed genotyping error rate is assessed and likelihood-based approaches to simultaneously inferring the error rate and the ancestry probabilities are considered. (This is joint work with Hongmei Zhang, University of West Florida.)



May 10 POSTPONED
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Keh-Shin Lii, UC Riverside

Harmonizable Processes and the Estimation of Almost Periodic Processes.

A review of spectral estimation of non-stationary but harmonizable processes will be given. Given a single realization of the process, periodogram like and consistent estimators are proposed for spectral mass estimation when the spectral support of the process consists of lines. Such a process can arise in signals of a moving source from array data or multipath signals with Doppler stretch from a single receiver. Such processes also include periodically correlated (or cyclostationary) and almost periodically correlated processes as special cases.


Processes with almost periodic covariance functions have spectral mass on lines parallel to the diagonal in the two dimensional spectral plane. Methods have been given for estimation of spectral mass on the lines of spectral concentration if the location of the lines is known. Here methods for estimating the intercepts of the lines of spectral concentration in the Gaussian case are given under appropriate conditions. The methods determine rates of convergence sufficiently fast as sample size $n\to \infty$ so that the spectral estimation on the estimated lines can then proceed effectively. This task involves bounding the maximum of an interesting class of nonGaussian possibly nonstationary processes.



May 17
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Valdo Durrleman, Stanford University

"Coupling Smiles"

Abstract: The first part of the talk will be concerned with the link between implied volatilities and the volatility of the underlying asset. Such a link is of practical interest since it relates the fundamental quantity for pricing derivatives (the spot volatility) which is not observable, to directly observable quantities (the implied volatilities). From a mathematical point of view, it relates information about the law of a positive martingale (the implied volatilities), to the representation of its sample paths as an Ito integral (the spot volatility).


In the second part, we look at an application of this result. As a motivating example, consider the world three major currencies, EUR, JPY, and USD, and their three corresponding exchange rates. An elementary arbitrage argument gives any of the three exchange rates as a function of the other two. We are interested in the similar problem for options on these currencies. More precisely, we would like to reconstruct the implied volatility smile of one currency given the other two.


Parts of the talk are based on a joint work with Nicole El Karoui and on discussions with Andres Villaquiran.


May 22 (Monday)
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Ronnie Sircar (Princeton University)

Impact of Risk Aversion on Credit Derivatives

The market in credit-linked derivative products has grown astonishingly, from $631.5 billion global volume in the first half of 2001 to above $12 trillion through the first half of 2005. They now account for approximately 10% of the total OTC derivatives market. Despite the popularity and ever-increasing complexity of credit risk structured products, the quantitative technology for their valuation (and hedging) has lagged behind. A major limitation of many approaches is the inability to capture and explain high premiums observed in credit derivatives markets for unlikely events, for example the spreads quoted for senior tranches of CDOs written on investment grade firms. When significant yields are offered for protection against the default of 15-30% of US investment grade firms over the next five years, in some sense the ''end of the world as we know it'', we argue that market participants' risk aversion is playing a large role, and we develop the mechanism of utility-indifference valuation for credit derivatives to quantify this.



May 24
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Levon Goukasian, Pepperdine University

Title: "Optimal Risk Taking with Flexible Income" (joint work with J. Cvitanic of Caltech and F. Zapatero of USC)

We study the portfolio selection problem in the presence of the option to exert costly effort for more income. As expected, investors who have the flexibility to generate future income are willing to take more risk. Additionally, we find that portfolio allocation is not monotonically increasing with time. We also study the dependence of the portfolio allocation on other parameters like interest rate, market price of risk, individual's productivity and employment constraints.


May 31
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Ker-Chau Li, UCLA Statistics

Likelihood of false positives in hypotheses with strongest evidence from multiple testing: the p-value memoryless conversion approach


P-value quantifies the strength of statistical evidence against a null/uninteresting/default hypothesis- the smaller, the stronger. In data-abundant areas, researchers often encounter numerous hypothesis testing problems at a time and need to compute an array of p-values for multiple decision making. However, many fundamental questions concerning extreme p-values such as “what is the probability for the smallest p-value to come from a problem of which the null hypothesis holds?” (Q1) or “among the 10 problems with most significant p- values, how many false positives are expected?” (Q2), remain unanswered. In this talk, we show that simple answers can be obtained by converting p-value from p to Y=-log(1-p). This conversion transforms a uniform distribution to a memoryless exponential distribution. Using a martingale theory, our results can be used to complement the growing literature on familywise error rate and false discovery rate. We further demonstrate how our method can help scientists to prioritize their problem lists in designing follow-up studies.


June 7, 2006
3:15 PM, Refreshments served at 3 PM
South Hall 5607F

Nan Chen, Columbia University, IEOR

A tale of two simulations

We discuss Monte Carlo methods for two problems central to the pricing and hedging of derivative securities: (i) calculation of "Greeks" (price sensitivities) and (ii) valuation of American options. Both are based on joint work with Paul Glasserman.

Malliavin Greeks without Malliavin calculus: Standard methods for estimating sensitivities differentiate paths or differentiate measures. A recent line of work derives estimators using Malliavin calculus. In implementing a discrete-time approximation of a continuous-time model, one may discretize first and then differentiate or vice-versa. In several important cases the first route produces the same estimators produced by Malliavin calculus, but using only traditional elementary techniques.

Additive and multiplicative duality: Pricing an American option entails solving an optimal stopping problem. Dual formulations replace maximization over stopping times with minimization over martingales. We compare duals based on additive and multiplicative decompositions of positive supermartingales. We establish an equivalence in the quality of the bounds achieved by the two methods, but show that the variance of the multiplicative method is typically much larger.


June 12 (Monday)
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Suhas Nayak (Stanford University)

Stochastic volatility surface estimation

Abstract: We study the calibration of volatility surfaces in a stochastic volatility environment. Starting with a stochastic volatility model for asset prices, we cast the volatility estimation problem as a variational one and we derive an HJB equation for the volatility surface. We incorporate uncertainty in market prices and we study the asymptotics of the resulting HJB equation in the fast mean-reversion regime. We present numerical solutions from our estimation scheme and find certain parameters of the volatility surface to be both stable in time and stable with respect to our iteration procedure.


June 21, 2006 (Wednesday)
3:15 pm, Refreshments served at 3 pm
South Hall 5607F

Chuan-Hsiang Han, Department of Quantitative Finance, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan

Option pricing, Hedging, and efficient Monte Carlo methods

Under stochastic volatility models, we propose a new and generic control variates method to efficiently evaluate financial derivatives by means of Monte Carlo simulation. These controls are local martingales and are closely related to some imperfect hedging strategies. Therefore, reduced variances obtained from these Monte Carlo methods are not only measurements of computing efficiency but also represent risks associated to some particular trading strategy in the incomplete market. An asymptotic result is obtained to characterize the variance for rescaled stochastic volatility models. The analysis is done through a combination of perturbation techniques and an averaging effect. Several numerical examples, including some lower and upper American option prices, computed by Monte Carlo and/or Quasi-Monte Carlo methods are presented.


September 29, 2006 (Friday)
12:15 PM, Refreshments served at 12:00 NOON

The Modified Tempered Stable Distribution, GARCH-Models and Option Pricing

Young Shin Kim (University of Karlsruhe, Germany)

In this talk, we introduce a variant of tempered stable distribution named modified tempered stable (MTS) distribution, and apply it to an option price model based on a GARCH asset return process. The GARCH option price model with the MTS innovation allows the description of some stylized phenomena in empirical observation of financial market such as volatility clustering, skewness and heavy tail of the return distribution. We estimate the model parameters with S&P 500 index data, and use the parameters to calculate the S&P 500 option prices with Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, we compare the model prices to the market prices.


 
 
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South Hall 5607A